It's really important to make sure that you're consuming food when the metabolic pathways are active

We do know that caffeine itself changes the circadian clocks

So it coffee itself is changing their circadian clocks

So clearly there's evidence in the scientific literature that if you consume black coffee within that fasting window, there's still positive effects happening.

Both of those pathways are activated by amino acids

Spring cleaning is the process of autophagy in your body

During the fasting period organs will shrink and then during the refeeding period they regrow

Pre feeding before exercise improves long-duration aerobic exercise, so durations longer than 60 minutes, but it doesn't seem to really have much of an effect on performance if it's a aerobic exercise less than 60 minutes.

Eating before you exercise has also been shown to improve anaerobic exercise

If you're training fasted you get really robust enhancements in glucose sensitivity, and really robust enhancements in your mitochondrial adaptations to using fatty acids.

There's been a lot of research that has come out showing that you actually can can take an amino acid, or protein, hours after a workout

So in that case, if you are doing a fasted strength training workout, you may want to consume protein within an hour after

There have been many, many, many studies that have shown that higher igf-1 is associated with higher cancer incidents

Humans that have mutations that make less of it [igf-1] have less cancer incidents.

Protein does up regulate igf-1

Muscle mass is really important for lowering all-cause mortality

Exercise and physical activity is a really good way to make sure that the IGF-1 you're getting is going to the right places.

Carbohydrates allow igf-1 to be more bioavailable

There is evidence in the literature that during a prolonged fast, you do start to deplete things like sodium and potassium immediately - those things were to taper off as the fast goes on"